Definition of IUD
An IUD is an intrauterine device made of plastic and copper (copper
and silver or copper and gold) that is inserted into the womb (uterus)
through the cervical canal.
Purpose of IUD’s
IUD’s are used to prevent pregnancy and are considered to be 97-99%
effective. It should be noted that IUD’s offer no protection against
AIDS
or other sexually transmitted deseases.
The Intrauterine Device (IUD) is a safe and an effective method of reversible
contraception.
An IUD prevents pregnancy by a combination of mechanisms of action,
including:
- Inhibition of sperm migration in the upper female genital tract
- Inhibition of ovum transport
- Inhibition of fertilization
Who can use an IUD
An IUD should be provided to any woman who requests it after receiving
appropriate counseling and reaching an informed decision, and who
has
no contraindications to its use.
Benefits
- High and immediate efficiency: 97-99%
- Long-term contraception method: 3 to 5 years
- Does not require action with every act of sexual intercourse
- Immediate return to fertile state when removed
- Does not affect breast-feeding
- Very few side-effects
An IUD is particularly appropiate for women who:
- Prefer a method of contracetion which does not require action daily
or with every act of sexual intercourse
- Are parous and want a highly effective, long-acting, reversible method
of contraception
- Are breast-feeding
- May have difficulty obtaining contraceptive supplies on a regular
basis
- Lack privacy, making use of some other methods problematic
- Show risk status changes during use of other methods
- Do not want to have any more children, but do not wish to be sterilized
Disadvantages
- It must be inserted by a physician and requires periodic medical control
- Insertion and removal could cause some discomfort
- Does not protect against STIs
Side-effects
- Cramping pain may occur for the first 24 to 48 hours after insertion
- Vaginal discharge may occur during the first few weeks due to the
initial reaction of the lining of the uterus
- Changes in menstrual periods –including spotting or light bleeding
between periods- are common during the first 3-6 months of use of a
copper-bearing IUD
Contraindications
It is not recommended the use of any IUD to women with:
- Known or suspected pregnancy
- Puerperal or post-abortion sepsis current or within the last three
months
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) current
- Sexually transmitted infections (SIT) current
- Purulent cervicitis
- Confirmed or suspected malignancy of the genital tract
- Unexplained vaginal bleeding
- Cervical cancer awaiting treatment
- Endometrial cancer
- Congenital uterine abnormalities or benign tumors of the uterus which
distort the cavity in a manner incompatible with proper IUD
placement
- Malignal gestational trophoblastic disease
- Known pelvic tuberculosis
The truth about IUD’s
- IUD’s are not only for women who have completed their childbearing
- IUD’s do not increase risk for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- IUD’s do not increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections
(STIs)
- IUD’s do not increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy
- IUD’s are not abortive methods
- IUD’s can not leave the uterus and travel through a woman’s
body
- IUD’s can not cause infertility
- IUD’s do not cause cancer